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Overview The Testing Pyramid is a guideline for the distribution of different types of automated tests in a software project. It suggests that you should have a large number of low-level tests and a small number of high-level tests to ensure a fast, reliable, and cost-effective test suite. Core Concepts Unit Tests (Base): Scope: Test…
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Overview Test-Driven Development (TDD) and Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) are software development methodologies that flip the traditional “write code, then test” workflow. They emphasize writing tests before writing the actual implementation. Core Concepts TDD (Test-Driven Development): Red-Green-Refactor Cycle: Red: Write a failing test for a small piece of functionality. Green: Write the minimum amount of code…
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Overview Static Analysis is the process of examining code without actually executing it. Linting is a specific type of static analysis that focuses on finding programmatic and stylistic errors. Core Concepts Linting: Stylistic Checks: Ensuring consistent indentation, naming conventions, and quote usage (e.g., Prettier, ESLint). Error Detection: Identifying obviously wrong code, such as referencing an…
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Overview CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (or Delivery). It is a set of practices and tools that automate the process of integrating code changes from multiple contributors into a shared repository and deploying them to production. Core Concepts Continuous Integration (CI): Automated Build: Every commit triggers a build process. Automated Testing: Running…
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Overview TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are the two primary transport layer protocols used for sending data across a network. They offer different trade-offs between reliability and speed. Core Concepts TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Connection-Oriented: Requires a “handshake” to establish a connection before data is sent. Reliable: Guarantees that data arrives…
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Overview The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework used to understand and standardize the functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its internal structure and without regard to the technology implemented. Core Concepts The 7 Layers: Physical Layer: Transmission of raw bit streams over a physical medium (cables, radio…
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Overview Computer networking is the practice of interfacing two or more computing devices to share resources and exchange data. It involves a combination of hardware (routers, switches, cables) and software (protocols, drivers) that allow devices to communicate across various distances, from a local area network (LAN) to the global internet. Core Concepts Network Topology: The…
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Overview HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the foundation of data exchange on the World Wide Web. HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP, which encrypts the communication between the client and the server using TLS/SSL. Core Concepts Request/Response Cycle: Request: Sent by the client, containing a method (GET, POST, etc.), a URI, headers, and an…
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Overview DNS (Domain Name System) is the “phonebook of the internet.” It translates human-readable domain names (e.g., google.com) into machine-readable IP addresses (e.g., 142.250.190.46). Core Concepts Hierarchical Namespace: Root Zone: The top of the hierarchy (.). TLD (Top-Level Domain): .com, .org, .net, .io. Authoritative Name Server: The final server in the chain that holds the…